The Logical Volume Manager uses a device mapper framework which creates an abstract layer of virtual devices to manage phyical devices with greater flexibility. Device mappers is not only for LVM, but is also used for software RAID, disk encryption, and features such as snapshots. Other features provided by a device mapper are:
- cache - allows the creation of a hybrid volume similar to SSHDs such as Apple's Fusion Drive. This is almost identical to using Intel's Smart Response Technology.
- crypt - Using the Linux Kernel's Crypto API, data is encrypted as data is passed through the logical volume manager's layer before being written to disk.
- delay - Simply delays reads and writes to different devices for testing purposes.
- era - Tracks which parts of a block device are written to over time. This is useful for maintaining cache coherency when using vendor snapshots.
- flaky - Simulates intermittently fails I/Os for debugging purposes.
- linear - Concatenates multiple devices to form one large device.
- mirror - Allow volume managers to mirror logical volumes. This is also needed for live data migration tools such as pvmove.
- multipath - Adds support for multipathed devices using devices that's connected to multiple SCSI or Fiber Channel ports.
- RAID - offers an interfaces to the Linux kernel's software RAID driver.
- snapshot - Allows snapshots of the volume to be taken.
- striped (switch target) - Strips the data across physical devices, with an arbitrary mapping of fixed-size regions of I/O across a fixed set of paths.
- zero - equivalent of /dev/zero
The common uses for LVM include utilizing several physical volumes or devices as a single logical volume for RAID, easier management of large hard disk farms by allowing disks to be added or replaced without any disruption, and the ability to resize partitions.
Terminology
- Physical Volume (PV) - Physical volume is either a disk or partition.
- Physical Extent (PE) - A chunk of data belonging to a physical volume. Each PE is the same size as the logical extents for the volume group.
- Volume Group (VG) - Group of physical volumes and the highest level abstraction used within the LVM.
- Logical Volume (LV) - Equivalent of a disk partition in a non-LVM system. A logical volume is seen as a standard block device and thus can contain a file system.
- Logical Extent (LE) - A chunk of data belonging to a volume group. Each logical extent in a volume group is the same side.
/etc/lvm/lvm.conf
The lvm.conf file contains the default configuration and command line options if none are specified during the execution of the various lvm commands. For desktop computers and laptops, this file is generally fine. In other environments such as data centers or business settings some of the configurations settings may need to be tweaked.
For more information about the settings, explanations for each setting can be found in the /etc/lvm/lvm.conf file.
Physical Volumes
Physical volumes are the foundation of LVM, without them you cannot create groups or logical volumes. If you plan on using a whole disk as a physical volume, the disk must have no partition table.
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17.5G 0 lvm / └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 8G 0 disk sdc 8:32 0 8G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
To clear partition tables of drive's partition tables run the dd command and zero out the first 512 bytes.
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=512 count=1 # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=512 count=1
Initialize the physical volumes
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created
or initialize disk partitions as physical volumes rather than whole disks
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
Options can be added to the pvcreate command to tell where the raw and meta data is to written on the device.
| --norestorefile | Used in onjunction with the --uuid, the uuid specified will require that a backup of the metadata be provided. |
| --restorefile <file> | Used in conjunction with the --uuid option, the pvcreate command extracts the location and size of the data on the PV from the file (produced by vgcfgbackup) and ensures that the metadata that the program produces is consistent with the contents of the file. |
| -M|--metadatatype 1|2 | Specifies the version of LVM to use. |
| --pvmetadatacopies #copies | Specify the number of copies to keep on the physical volume. Either 0, 1, or 2 can be specified. The default is 1, which is kept at the start of the physical volume. When speficying 2, the first is at the start of the physical volume while the other is kept at the end. |
| --bootloaderareasize BootLoaderAreaSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE] |
Creates a separate bootloader area of a specific size. The bootloader area is an area that is reserved and will not allocate any physical extents to. |
| --dataalignment Alignment[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE] |
Specifies how to align the data on the physical volume by using multiples of the specified size. When creating a volume group you should also specify an appropriate PhysicalExtentSize. To see the location of the first Physical Extent of an existing Volume use following command: |
| --dataalignmentoffset MetadataSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE] | Shifts the start of the data area by the size specified. |
| --setphycialvolumesize PhysicalVolumeSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE] | This overrides the auto-detections of the physical volume's size. |
| -u|--uuid uuid | Specifies the uuid of the physical volume. |
| -y|--yes | Answer yes to all the questions. |
| -Z|--zero [y|n] | Whether or not to wipe the first 4 sectors (2048 bytes) of the device. If the option is not given, the default is to zero the first 4 sectors unless either or both the --restorefile or --uuid options are provided. |
If you go the route of creating LVM partition rather than using the whole disk, it's best not to create multiple LVM partitions on a single drive. Doing so will makes it more difficult to administer and will degrade striping performance.
To view a list of block devices that can be used:
WARNING: only considering LVM devices /dev/sda2 [ 19.51 GiB] LVM physical volume /dev/sdb [ 8.00 GiB] LVM physical volume /dev/sdc [ 8.00 GiB] LVM physical volume 2 LVM physical volume whole disks 1 LVM physical volume
Additional tools to display properties of LVM physical volumes are pvs, pvdisplay, and pvscan.
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 40.00m /dev/sdb lvm2 --- 8.00g 8.00g /dev/sdc lvm2 --- 8.00g 8.00g
Options to the pvs and pvdisplay commands allow you to customize the output by seeing everything; --all, removing headers; --noheadings, no suffixes; --nosuffix, or specifying the units when displaying sizes; --units (hHbBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE).
--- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name rhel PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4994 Free PE 10 Allocated PE 4984 PV UUID Bgdkmr-FK04-AiLF-nCTK-Eefn-DNN5-tmmE16 "/dev/sdb" is a new physical volume of "8.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb VG Name PV Size 8.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID w7c8Df-ovfj-oYxI-BhBX-uB1D-FpEk-YvqCz3 "/dev/sdc" is a new physical volume of "8.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdc VG Name PV Size 8.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID s3qvN0-uD2N-u7xp-yMfG-90b3-55E0-5EWFE8
The pvscan command is more limiting in customization of output.
PV /dev/sda2 VG rhel lvm2 [19.51 GiB / 40.00 MiB free] PV /dev/sdb lvm2 [8.00 GiB] PV /dev/sdc lvm2 [8.00 GiB] Total: 3 [35.51 GiB] / in use: 1 [19.51 GiB] / in no VG: 2 [16.00 GiB]
To change the size of a physical volume, use the pvresize. Resizing is only available on physical volumes and not whole disk physical volumes. This command, as well as the pvremove have few command line options are generally used with just arguments.
# pvresize --setphysicalvolumesize 18G /dev/sda
Removing physical volumes is straight forward.
# pvremove /dev/sdb
To change the attributes of a physical volume:
# pvchange
Checking the physical volumes metadata is done by using the pvck command:
# pvck /dev/sdb
Volume Groups
As the name suggests, Volume Groups is a group of physical volumes.
Volume group "volgrp" successfully created
By default the disk space is divided into 4MB extents. When the logical volume is resized, the LV will be resized by increments defined by the size of the extents. The extents can be specified by using the -s, --phsicalextentsize option.
| -c, --clustered y|n | Enabled by default. This must be disabled (--clustered n) if the new volume group contains only local disks |
| -l, --maxlogicalvolumes MaxLogicalVolumes | Sets the maximum number of logical volumes allowed in the group. This setting can be changed using the vgchange command. |
| -p, --maxphysicalvolumes MaxPhysicalVolumes | Sets the maximum number of physical volumes that can belong to the group. This setting can be changed using the vgchange command. |
| --vgmetadatacopies NumberOfCopies|unmanaged|all | Specifies the number of metadata copies in the volume group. Setting this to a non-zero value will cause LVM to manage the metadataignore flags on physical volumes. Setting the value to all will clear the metadataignore flags on all metadata areas in the group, then set the value to unmanaged. |
| -s, --physicalextentsize PhysicalExtentSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE] | Sets the size physical extents on the physical volumes. |
| --shared | Created the volume group shared. This allows multiple hosts to share a volume group on shared devices. |
| --systemid SystemID | Specifies the system ID that will be assigned to the volume group. |
| --alloc [AllocationPolicy] | Specifies how extents are placed. The default is normal, where the LVM will not place parallel stripes on the same physical volume. When using the contiguous policy, extents are placed right after the previous extent, providing there is sufficient space. Cling places new extents on the same physical volumeas existing extents in the same stripe. Policies can be modified by using the vgchange command. |
Physical volumes can be added or removed from a volume group at any time. Using the vgextend command, one or more physical volumes can be added. In the event that a physical volume has gone missing, use the --restoremissing option to add it back without re-initializing it.
# vgextend volgrp /dev/sdd # vgreduce volgrp /dev/sdd
As demonstrated above, the vgreduce removes a specified physical volume. Issuing the -a, --all option will remove all unused physical volumes a group. In the event that there are missing physical volumes in a group, using the --removemissing will remove them providing there are no logical volumes allocated on them.
Parameters of a volume group can be modified by using the vgchange command. A useful option of the vgchange command is the -a, --activate option that allows you to activate or deactivate groups.
| -A, --autobackup | Sets whether or not a backup of metadata is created after a change. The default is yes. |
| -a, --activate [a|e|l] y|n |
Controls whether or not logical volumes are known to the kernel. If the activation policy is set to auto, each logical volume in the group is activated only if it matches an item in the activation/auto_activation_volume_list set that is found in the lvm.conf file.If the list is not defined, then all volumes are considered for activation. To activate the group at boot use the -aay option. |
| --activationmode complete|degraded|partial | Determines whether or not logical volumes are allowed to activate when there are physical volumes missing. |
| -c, --clustered y|n | When enabled, this indicates whether the specified volume group is shared with other nodes or if it only contains local disks not visible on other nodes. |
| --monitor y|n | Start or stop monitoring a mirrored or snapshot logical volume with dmeventd. |
| --poll y|n | Without polling, a logical voume's background transformation process will never complete. In the event of an incomplete pvmove or lvconvert, this will enable the process to complete. |
| --sysinit | Indicates that vgchange is being invoked from an earlier system initialization program such as rc.sysinit or initrd, before writeable filesystems are available. |
| --noudevsync | Disable udev synchronization. |
| --ignoremonitoring | Disable monitoring. This shouldn't be used if dmeventd is already monitoring a device. |
| -l, --logicalvolume MaxPhysicalVolumes | Changes the number of maximum logical volumes that can exist in a group. |
| -p, --maxphysicalvolumes | Changes the number of maximum physical volumes that can exist in a group. |
| -s, --physicalextentsize PhysicalExtentSize[BbBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE] | Changes the physical extent size on physical volumes of the specified group. |
| --refresh | Reloads the metadata for logical volumes in the group. |
| -x, --resizeable {y|n} | Enables or disables the ability to resize the volume group. |
To rename a volume group, use:
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 40.00m volgrp 2 0 0 wz--n- 7.99g 7.99g
Volume group "volgrp" successfully renamed to "storage"
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 40.00m storage 2 0 0 wz--n- 7.99g 7.99g
In the event that volume groups are not being displayed or changes being reflected run the vgscan
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Found volume group "rhel" using metadata type lvm2 Found volume group "storage" using metadata type lvm2
To display volume group information:
--- Volume group --- VG Name rhel System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 19.51 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4994 Alloc PE / Size 4984 / 19.47 GiB Free PE / Size 10 / 40.00 MiB VG UUID TGgpMv-TJGX-TIKu-gsjF-dtLc-2Vck-qgdKL3 --- Volume group --- VG Name storage System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 2 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 7.99 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 2046 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 2046 / 7.99 GiB VG UUID sxdpcG-rDI4-uSXe-Wqqb-wuRK-ha8t-w15U6g
To move physical volumes in a volume group to another system, use the vgexport and vgimport commands. The VG system ID is cleared on export and updated with the new system on import. If this is not done, LVM2 tools will ignore volume groups that don't belong to the system.
# vgchange -an storage # vgexport storage # pvscan # vgimport storage # vgchange -ya storage
If you want to merge two volume groups, this can be done with the vgmerge command. This can only be done if the physical extents of each group is equal and the physical and logical summaries of both groups fit into the destination's limits. There is a -t option that will to test the operation before performing it.
# vgchange -an to_merge # vgmerge storage to_merge
When a volume group is created a backup of the descriptors is created and stored in the /etc/lvm directory. If no volume groups are specified by the vgcfgbackup command then each group is backed up to a file named after the volume group. Using the -f option will allow you to specify an alternative name of the file. This command does not backup the /etc/lvm directory so it's important that this be backuped.
# vgcfgbackup storage
To restore the metadata of a volume group use the vgcfgrestore command. If no file is specified by using the -f option, the most recent backup will be used for that volume group.
# vgcfgrestore storage
In the event that volume groups are not being created or incorrect within the /dev directory, the vgmknodes command will create the device nodes.
# vgmknodes # vgscan --mknodes
When a volume group is no longer needed:
# vgremove storage
A volume group can be split into two groups with the use of the vgsplit command. Some of the options for this command are also found in the vgcreate command, such as -p --maxphysicalvolumes and -n --name.
# vgsplit -n storage2 storage /dev/sdb
Logical Volumes
The logical volumes is where the data is written to, at least indirectly. To create a basic logical volume:
# lvcreate -L 8G -n storage vgStorage
| -a, --activate | Sets the availablity of logical volumes for immediate use after running the lvcreate command. The default behavior is that they are activated after the completion of the command. Although possible, a logical volume can be created but not activated. When using the --type snapshot option. Specification of logical volumes not being activated on start does not apply to thin volume snapshots because by default they are not activated. |
| -H, --cache | This creates the logical volume as a cache, cache pool, or both. Using the optional argument, --size will cause the creation of the cache logical volume. |
| --cachemode passthrough|writeback|writethrough | Specifies the cache mode. When writeback is declared a write is considered complete as soon as it is stored in the cache pool. |
| --cachepolicy policy |
Sets the cache policy, which is only available for cached LV. mq is the basic policy name and smq is the more advanced version available in newer kernels. |
| --cachepool CachePoolLogicalVolume{Name|Path} |
Specifes the cache pool volume name. |
| --cachesettings key=value |
Only applicable to cached LVs. Defaults should be adequate in most cases. See lvmcache. |
| -c, --chunksize ChunkSize[bBsSkKmMgG] |
Gives the chunk size for snapshots, cache pool, and thin pool logical volumes. Snapshot sizes must be a power of 2 between 4KiB and 512KiB with the default being 4KiB. For cache pools the values must be multiples of 32KiB between 32KiB and 1GiB with the default being 64KiB. Thin pool values must be a multiple of 64KiB between 64KiB and 1GiB with the default being 64KiB and grows to fit the pool metadata size within 128MiB, if the pool metadata size is not specified. |
| -C, --contiguous y|n |
Sets or resets the allocation policy for logical volumes. The default is no. |
| --discards ignore|nopassdown|passdown |
Sets discard behavior for thin pool. |
| --errorwhenfull y|n |
The default is no. The device will queue I/O operations until the target times out expires. |
| -K, --ignoreactivationskip | Ignores the flag to that indicates the logical volumes should be skipped during activation. |
| --ignoremonitoring |
Makes no attempt to interact with the dmeventd unless --monitor is specified. |
| -l, --extents LogicalExtentsNumber[%{VG|PVS|FREE|ORIGIN}] |
Specifies the number of logical extents to allocate for the new logical volume. |
| -j, --major major |
Sets the major number. Major numbers are not supported with pool volumes. |
| --minor minor |
Sets the minor number. Minor numbers are not supported with pool volumes. |
| -m, --mirrors Mirrors |
Creates a mirrored logical volume with Mirrors copies. Specifying --nosync will cause the creation of the mirror to skip the initial resynchronization. |
| --mirrorlog disk|core|mirrored |
Specifies the type of log to be used for logical volumes utilizing the legacy "mirror" segment type. The default is disk, which is persistent and requires a small amount of storage space. Using core means the mirror is regenerated by copying the data from the first device each time the logical volume is activated, such as after each reboot. Mirroed will create a persistent log that is itself mirrored. |
| --monitor y|n |
Starts or avoids monitoring a mirrored, snapshot, or thin pool logical volume with dmeventd. |
| -n, --name LogicalVolumeName|Path |
Specifies the name of the logical volume. |
| --nosync |
The creation of the mirror to skip the initial resynchronization. |
| --noudevsync |
Disables udev synchronization meaning that the process will not wait for notification from udev. |
| -p, --permission r|rw |
Sets access permissions of the logical volume. |
| -M, --persistent y|n |
Set to y to make the minor number specified persistent. Pool volumes cannot have persistent major and minor numbers. |
| --poolmetadatasize MetadataVolumeSize[bBsSkKmMgG] |
Set the size of the size of the pool meta databata specified by MetadataVolumeSize. Thin pools can range from 2MiB to 16GiB. For cache pool up to 16GiB |
| --poolmetadataspare y|n | Controls creation and maintanence of pool metadata spare logical volume that will be used for automated pool recovery. |
| --[raid]maxrecoveryrate Rate[bBsSkKmMgG] |
Sets the maximum recovery rate. If no unit is specified, then KiB is used. Using 0 means its unbound. |
| --[raid]minrecoveryrate Rate[bBsSkKmMgG] | Sets the minimum recovery rate. If no unit is specified, then KiB is used. Using 0 means its unbound. |
| -r, --readahead {ReadAheadSectors|auto|none} |
Sets the read ahead sector count of the logical volume. 0 and auto are the same. |
| -R, --regionsize MirrorLogRegionSize[bBsSkKmMgG] |
A mirror is divided into regions of the size specified. The mirror log uses the granularity to track which regions are in sync. |
| -k, --setactivationskip y|n |
Sets whether or not volume should be persistently flagged to be skipped during activation. |
| -L, --size LogicalVolumeSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE] |
Sets the size of the logical volume. |
| -s, --snapshot OriginalLogicalVolume{Name|Path} |
Creates a snapshot logical volume or a snap shot of a logical volume. Thin snapshot is created when the origin is a thin volume and the size is not specified. |
| -i, --stripes Stripes | Provides the number of stripes. The number of physical volumes to use. When setting up a RAID 4/5/6 logical volume, the extra device used for parity are internally accounted for. For example, when specifying 3 stripes on a RAID 4/5 the number of stripes is actually 4. On a RAID 6 logical volume, the number of stripes is 5. |
| -I, --stripesize StripeSize |
Specifies the stripe size in powers of 2 but cannot exceed the physical extent size. |
| -T, --thin |
Creates thin pool or thin logical volume or both. Using the --size or --extents will cause the creation of the thin pool logical volume. |
| --thinpool ThinPoolLogicalVolume{Name|Path} |
Specifies the name of the thin pool volume name. |
| --type SegmentType |
Specifies the logical volume's type. The following types are supported: cache, cache-pool, error, linear, mirror, raid1, raid4, raid5_la, raid5_ls (used when raid5 is specified), raid5_ra, raid5_rs, raid6_nc, radi6_nr, raid6_zr (used when raid6 is specified), raid10, snapshot, striped, thin, thin-pool, or zero. See dm_raid for more information on the different versions of riad. |
| -V, --virtualsize VirtualSize[bBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE] |
Creates a thinly provisioned device or spare device of a given size. |
| -W, --wipesignatures y|n |
Determines wiping of detected signatures on newly created logical volumes. |
Other uses of the lvcreate include:
# lvcreate -i 3 -I 8 -L 10G storage # lvcreate -m1 -L 10G storage # lvcreate --size 100m --snapshot --name snap /dev/storage/data # lvcreate -s -l 20%ORIGIN --name snap storage/data # lvcreate --virtualsize 1T --size 8G --snapshot --name sparse storage # lvcreate -L64M -n data storage /dev/sdb:0-2 /dev/sdc:0-2 # lvcreate --type raid5 -L 10G -i 3 -I 64 -n raid5 storage # lvcreate --type raid10 -L 10G -i 2 -m 1 -n raid10 storage
- Creates a new logical volume with three stripes, each stripe being 8KiB. The total size of the voume is 10GiB with the name being selected by LVM.
- The new volume's name will be determined by LVM. The volume will be a mirror volume with the size of 10GiB.
- Creates a new snapshot volume named snap that has access to /dev/storage/data
- Createss a new volume snapshot called snap that has a size of 20% of the logical volume storage/data.
- Creates a sparse volume the size of 1TiB with a minum size of 8GiB
- Creates a new logical volume using the physical extents from sdb:0-2 and sdc:0-2.
- Creates a 10GiB RAID5 utilizing 3 64KiB.
- Creates a new logical volume in RAID10 that is 10GiB with two stripes.
Like volume groups and physical volumes, LVM provides commands for listing, resizing, renaming, convert: lvs, lvdisplay, lvscan, lvchange, lvconvert, lvextend, lvreduce, lvremove, lvrename, and lvresize.
Putting it all together
In the following example, we're creating a new RAID1 logical volume that is 8GB.
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/rhel/root --- 0 0 /dev/rhel/swap --- 0 0 /dev/sda1 --- 0 0 /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 40.00m /dev/sdb --- 0 0 /dev/sdc --- 0 0
1+0 records in 1+0 records out 512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.000737609 s, 694 kB/s # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=512 count=1 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.000341841 s, 1.5 MB/s
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created
Volume group "storage" successfully created
Logical volume "data" created.
meta-data=/dev/storage/data isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=523776 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2095104, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- 19.51g 40.00m /dev/sdb storage lvm2 a-- 8.00g 0 /dev/sdc storage lvm2 a-- 8.00g 0
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 40.00m storage 2 1 0 wz--n- 15.99g 0
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root rhel -wi-ao---- 17.47g swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g data storage rwi-aor--- 7.99g 100.00